我总觉得要学好风水就必须先了解北京故宫紫禁城的风水。紫禁城是近代明、清两代皇朝的宫殿，距今已有接近六百年之久，两代皇朝共有二十四个皇帝，分别明代十四个皇帝、清代十个皇帝均居住在这里。
故宫，又称紫禁城，始建于明成祖永乐四年（1406年），永乐十八年（1420年）落成。“紫禁城”的名字来自“紫微星垣”，中国古代星象学家将天上的星星分为三垣、四象、二十八星宿等。其中三垣指紫微星垣、太微星垣和天市星垣。而紫微星垣（即北极星）居于正中，据传皇天上帝的居所（紫宫）就在紫微星垣中，人间皇帝自称“天子”便仿皇天上帝居所的名字用其“紫”字为紫禁城。这也是为什么永乐皇帝从南京迁北方北京的原因之一，紫微星在北方，故此取其『紫微正中』之义，象征世上帝皇的居住地方。在古时，帝皇所居住的地方属禁地，戒备森严，不许平民百姓踏足半步，因此并将其命名为『紫禁城』。在封建帝制时代，普通的人民群众是不能也不敢靠近它一步的。
紫禁城是明朝朱元璋的第四子明成祖朱棣在位时下令建造的，当时是永乐五年(1407年)。朱棣在朱元璋称帝后，被封为燕王，后发动靖难之役，起事攻打侄儿建文帝，夺位登基为永乐皇帝。当年他攻入南京时建文帝已经不知所终，因此他后来派郑和下南洋寻找建文帝也有据可寻的。明代第三位皇帝朱棣在夺取帝位后，决定迁都北京，即开始营造这座宫殿，至明永乐十八年（1420年）落成。当时北京被称为北平也是当时朱棣作燕王时之地。除此之外，由于当时威胁明朝的主要危险仍然是来自塞外的蒙古贵族残余势力，也是永乐迁都之原因。朱棣是靠篡位而得帝位，因此从南京迁都北京也情有可原。
紫禁城是根据风水学说来营造的。相传紫禁城有9999个房间，因为天庭有一万个房间。为了敬重玉皇大帝，紫禁城不能多于天庭里房间的数目，但从明朝到清代，紫禁城不断地在改变。据统计，现在紫禁城里房间的数目为八千多间。
故宫大体上可以分为两大部分，南为工作区，即外朝或前庭，北为生活区，即内廷或后宫。外朝内廷的所有建筑排列在中轴线上，东西对称，秩序井然。外面是皇帝工作的地方，所以为阳；后面是皇帝休息的地方，因此为阴，单数为阳而双数为阴。
外朝是皇帝处理政事的地方，主要有三大殿：太和殿、中和殿、保和殿。其中太和殿最为高大、辉煌。它的比例为9长5宽，代表皇帝为九五之尊也。皇帝登基、大婚、册封、命将、出征等都要在这里举行盛大仪式。
内廷包括乾清、交泰、坤宁三宫以及东西两侧的东六宫和西六宫，这是皇帝及其嫔妃居住的地方，俗称为“三宫六院”。在居住区以北还有一个小巧别致的御花园，是皇室人员游玩之所。
明永乐皇帝定京师于北京，按风水营建紫禁城，原来没有金水河和万岁山（后改名为景山），基于风水格局之考虑，无天然河水就要风水工力改造，成“背山面水”之格局。紫禁城正北也就是后方设有玄武门（后改名为神武门），其后需建山为屏障增靠山。这也是我们所说的左青龙右白虎前朱雀后玄武。前面是一片大广场为好的明堂。后面是靠山。
人造山万岁山既成为紫禁城的镇山，又可阻挡北风穿堂。景山在紫禁城的北边也可以挡住寒冷的北风吹入紫禁城。金水河从万岁山(景山)西北方而来，西北方为金，金生水因此此人造河叫金水河，沿万岁山西北方注入紫禁城护城河中，河水再由西北角楼下引入紫禁城内，流入太和殿前。在后天八卦中西北方属乾位，为天门，来自天河之水，通过金水河的流动，将天上的“生气”源源不绝地引入紫禁城。再从东南流出紫禁城，东南在后天八卦中为巽卦，易经巽卦代表风，象征水从天上来而化为气。这个格局就是雨水从天而降(西北方属乾位，为天门为金，此河也被称为金水河) ，而后化为气。
曲曲弯弯为流水有情, 直冲的水或路反而无情.
紫禁城内金水河之水从护城河西北角引入，曲曲弯弯地流经武英殿、太和殿、文渊阁、南三所、东化门等重要建筑和宫门前，既将“生气”导入，又形成风水中的“水抱有情”之势金城玉带。曲曲弯弯的金水河到东南角又流入护城河，曲曲弯弯为流水有情。直冲的水或路反而无情。
三大殿都建在‘土’字型的台基上，象征着中央土而南方属火，整个紫禁城坐北朝南。火生土，皇帝为天子，地上之皇，因此皇帝黄袍加身，黄色为土地的颜色。因此宫殿内大多数之瓦顶皆用黄色，因为普天之下莫非王土，其道理在此。五行之赤色象征火，所以紫禁城所有的墙、门、窗、柱、框一律用红色。火生土。孔子曰：南面而听天下。前天八卦的南方属天，乾为天。因此南方有天安门和天坛。
城墙四面都有门，南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门。所有的门都是9x9 81颗门钉，因为9是最大数目，但唯独东华门是9x8 72颗门钉因为东方属木，不可让木来克土呀！因此东华门的地位较小。
内廷主要三宫有乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫。明朝皇帝都住在乾清宫因为乾卦为最重要的男主人卦位，乾清宫象征天，而坤宁宫象征地，乾清宫比太和殿稍微小。乾为天，天为阳，坤为地，地为阴，坤宁宫为明朝皇后的住所。交泰殿为阴阳二气交会处。易经里的泰卦是乾下坤上，所以在交泰殿可以看到紫禁城内唯一的凤上龙下的图象，代表着阴阳二气交会而子孙满堂。
内廷主要三宫乾清宫、交泰殿和坤宁宫的两旁为东西六宫，有六六大顺之义，也是易经里的坤卦(三断画卦)。
紫禁城的南方为天或易经里的乾卦，因此有天安门和天坛，天坛是圆形的因为圆形代表天。紫禁城的北方为地或易经里的坤卦，因此有地坛，地坛是方形的因为方形代表地。古代铜钱是圆形而中间有方形的洞代表着天包围着地呀！
太和殿位于故宫正门前的金水河形状，被誉为玉带环抱“yu dai huan bao”。就像有人在拥抱和保护您。
您会注意到弓概念在中国北京紫禁城中的应用，人造河的建造就像弓的形状一样，是在宫殿的入口处设计的，旨在保护宫殿不受任何不好的气影响位于内部宫殿，因此受到弓保护.
I always feel that to learn feng shui
well, one must first understand the feng shui of the Forbidden City in Beijing.
The Forbidden City was the palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties in modern
times. It has a history of nearly six hundred years, with a total of
twenty-four emperors from both dynasties, fourteen from the Ming dynasty and
ten from the Qing dynasty, all living here.
The Forbidden City, also known as the
Imperial Palace, was built in the fourth year of the Yongle reign of Emperor
Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty (1406) and completed in the eighteenth year of the
Yongle reign (1420). Its name comes from the "Purple Forbidden City,"
derived from the "Purple Star Enclosure" in ancient Chinese star
studies. According to ancient Chinese astronomy, the stars in the sky were
divided into three enclosures, four symbols, and twenty-eight mansions. Among
them, the Purple Star Enclosure (the Polaris) occupies the central position. It
was believed to be the dwelling place of the Heavenly Emperor (the Purple Palace),
and earthly emperors, styling themselves as "Sons of Heaven," named
their imperial residence after the "purple" character in homage to
the Heavenly Palace. This is also one of the reasons why Emperor Yongle moved
the capital from Nanjing in the south to Beijing in the north: the Polaris is
in the north, so the term "Purple Central" was adopted, symbolizing
the residence of the Emperor, the ruler of the world. In ancient times, the
place where the emperor lived was considered a forbidden area, heavily guarded,
and civilians were not allowed to step foot in it, hence the name
"Forbidden City." During the feudal imperial era, ordinary people
could not and dared not approach it.
The Forbidden City was ordered to be
built by Zhu Di, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming
Dynasty. At the time, it was in the fifth year of the Yongle reign (1407).
After Zhu Di was proclaimed emperor by his father Zhu Yuanzhang, he was titled
the King of Yan and later launched the Jingnan Campaign, overthrowing his
nephew, the Jianwen Emperor, and usurping the throne as the Yongle Emperor.
When he entered Nanjing that year, the Jianwen Emperor had already disappeared
without a trace, so he later sent Zheng He to the South Seas to search for the
Jianwen Emperor.
The third emperor of the Ming
Dynasty, Zhu Di, after seizing the throne, decided to move the capital to
Beijing and began the construction of this palace, which was completed in the
eighteenth year of the Yongle reign (1420). At that time, Beijing was also
known as Beiping, the place where Zhu Di was King of Yan. In addition, because
the main threat to the Ming Dynasty at the time still came from the remnants of
the Mongolian aristocracy outside the Great Wall, this was also one of the
reasons for the relocation of the Yongle capital. Zhu Di seized the throne by
force, so it was understandable that he moved the capital from Nanjing to
Beijing.
The Forbidden City was built
according to the principles of feng shui. It is said that the Forbidden City
has 9999 rooms, because the Heavenly Court has ten thousand rooms. Out of
respect for the Jade Emperor, the Forbidden City cannot have more rooms than
those in the Heavenly Court. However, from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing
Dynasty, the Forbidden City underwent continuous changes. According to
statistics, the current number of rooms in the Forbidden City is more than
eight thousand.
The Forbidden City can be roughly
divided into two parts: the south is the working area, known as the Outer Court
or Front Court, and the north is the living area, known as the Inner Court or
Back Palace. All the buildings in the Outer Court and Inner Court are arranged
on the central axis, with east-west symmetry and orderly layout. The front is
the place where the emperor handles state affairs, so it is yang; the back is
where the emperor rests, so it is yin, with odd numbers representing yang and
even numbers representing yin.
The Outer Court is where the emperor
handles state affairs and mainly consists of three main halls: the Hall of
Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving
Harmony. Among them, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the tallest and most
magnificent. Its proportions are 9:5, symbolizing the emperor's supreme
authority. Grand ceremonies such as enthronement, weddings, decrees, military
commands, and expeditions are all held here.
The Inner Court includes the Palace
of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union, the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, as
well as the Eastern Six Palaces and the Western Six Palaces on both sides. This
is where the emperor and his concubines reside, commonly referred to as the
"Three Palaces and Six Courts." North of the residential area, there
is a small and exquisite Imperial Garden, where members of the imperial family
can relax and enjoy themselves.
Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty
established the capital in Beijing and built the Forbidden City according to
feng shui principles. Originally, there was no Jinshui River and Wansui
Mountain (later renamed Jing Mountain). Based on feng shui considerations,
without natural river water, the feng shui had to be altered, resulting in the
"backed by mountains and facing water" pattern. In the north of the
Forbidden City, there is also the Xuanwu Gate (later renamed Shenwu Gate). Behind
it, a mountain had to be built as a barrier to increase reliance on the
mountain. This is also what we call the left Azure Dragon, right White Tiger,
front Vermilion Bird, and back Xuanwu. In front is a large square for the Ming
Hall. Behind is the reliance on the mountain.
The artificial mountain, Wansui
Mountain, not only serves as the support for the Forbidden City but also help
to block the northern cool wind from blowing through. The Jinshui River flows
from the northwest of Wansui Mountain. As the northwest represents metal, and
metal generates water, this artificial river is called the Jinshui River. It
flows along the west foot of Wansui Mountain into the moat of the Forbidden
City, then is led into the Forbidden City from the northwest corner tower and
flows into the front of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. In the later Heaven Eight
Diagrams, the northwest belongs to the Qian position, which is the Heavenly
Gate, from which comes the water of the Heavenly River. Through the flow of the
Jinshui River, the "vital energy" from the sky is continuously
introduced into the Forbidden City. It then flows out of the Forbidden City to
the southeast. In the later Heaven Eight Diagrams, the southeast belongs to the
Xun position, which represents wind, symbolizing water descending from the sky
and transforming into air. This pattern is like rain falling from the sky (the
northwest belongs to the Qian position, which is the Heavenly Gate, and this
river is also called the Jinshui River), and then transforming into air.
The water of the Jinshui River within
the Forbidden City is introduced from the northwest corner of the moat, flowing
in a winding path through important buildings and palace gates such as the
Wuying Hall, the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Wen Yuan Ge, the Three Palaces in
the south, and the East Hua Gate. This not only introduces "vital
energy" but also forms the feng shui principle of "water embracing
sentiment," akin to a golden city girdled by a jade belt. The winding
Jinshui River flows back into the moat from the southeast corner, embodying the
sentiment of flowing water. Conversely, straight-flowing water or roads lack
this sentiment.
All three main halls are built on a '土' (earth) shaped platform, symbolizing the central earth
while the south belongs to fire, with the entire Forbidden City facing north.
Fire generates earth, and the emperor is the Son of Heaven, the emperor on
earth, hence the emperor wears a yellow robe, as yellow is the color of the
earth. Therefore, most of the roofs in the palace are yellow, symbolizing the
earth, as all the earth belongs to the emperor. The color red, symbolizing
fire, is used for all walls, gates, windows, pillars, and frames in the
Forbidden City. Fire generates earth. Confucius said: "Facing south and
listening to the world." The south of the Pre-Heaven Eight Trigrams
belongs to heaven, and Qian represents heaven. Hence, the south has Tiananmen
Square and the Temple of Heaven.
There are gates on all four sides of
the city walls: the Meridian Gate in the south, the Gate of Divine Military
Eminence in the north, the East Flowery Gate in the east, and the West Flowery
Gate in the west. All gates have 81 door studs in a 9x9 arrangement, as 9 is
the largest number. However, the East Flowery Gate has 72 door studs in a 9x8
arrangement because the east belongs to wood, and wood should not overcome
earth. Therefore, the East Flowery Gate has a relatively smaller stature.
The three main palaces in the Inner
Court are the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union, and the Palace of
Earthly Tranquility. The emperors of the Ming Dynasty lived in the Palace of
Heavenly Purity because Qian represents the most important male master
position. The Palace of Heavenly Purity symbolizes heaven, while the Palace of
Earthly Tranquility symbolizes earth. The Palace of Heavenly Purity is slightly
smaller than the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Qian represents heaven, which is
yang, while Kun represents earth, which is yin. The Palace of Earthly
Tranquility is the residence of the empress of the Ming Dynasty. The Hall of
Union is where the Yin and Yang energies meet. In the Book of Changes, the Tai
Hexagram has Qian below and Kun above, so in the Hall of Union, you can see the
unique image of a phoenix above and a dragon below, symbolizing the convergence
of Yin and Yang energies and the prosperity of offspring.
On both sides of the three main
palaces, there are the Eastern and Western Six Palaces, symbolizing smoothness
and harmony. This also corresponds to the Kun Hexagram (three-stroke hexagram)
in the Book of Changes.
The south of the Forbidden City
represents heaven or the Qian Hexagram in the Book of Changes, hence the
presence of Tiananmen Square and the Temple of Heaven. The Temple of Heaven is
round because the circle represents heaven. The north of the Forbidden City
represents earth or the Kun Hexagram in the Book of Changes, hence the presence
of the Earth Altar. The Earth Altar is square because the square represents
earth. In ancient times, bronze coins were round with a square hole in the
middle, representing heaven surrounding earth!
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is
located in front of the main entrance of the Forbidden City, shaped like the
Jinshui River, and is praised as being embraced by a jade belt. It's like
someone embracing and protecting you.
You'll notice the concept of a bow
applied in the Forbidden City of Beijing, where the construction of the
artificial river is shaped like a bow, designed at the entrance of the palace
to protect it from any negative qi influence. It's situated within the internal
palace, hence protected by the bow.
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